Understanding Sanitation Options for Efficient Waste Management
Sanitation goes beyond just toilets and encompasses a complete waste management system involving storage, collection, transport, treatment, and reuse. Various technical options are available, such as double vault urine diversion toilets (UDDTs) and water-based toilets. Pros and cons exist for each option, highlighting factors like user acceptance, costs, and maintenance requirements. It's crucial to consider the full value chain of sanitation to ensure effectiveness and sustainability.
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Presentation Transcript
UBSUP Technical Options Social Animators Training 1
Sanitation Value Chain Sanitation should be understood as a system It s not only about the toilet! Storage Collection Transport Treatment Transport Reuse 2
Technical options available Options for toilets 1. Double Vault Urine Diversion Toilets (UDDTs). Cost range: 35,000-85,000 Dry Toilets 2. Water Based Toilets Pour flush toilets Cistern Flush toilets. Cost range: 35,000-65,000 Without the septic tanks The cost will vary in different areas 3
SafiSan Toilets Flush Toilet Rehabilitated toilet
Water Based Toilet Systems Cistern Squat Toilet WC/Sit Toilet 5
Water Based Toilet Systems ( contd) Materials Superstructure: earth bricks, quarry stones, concrete blocks Roofing: Iron sheets. 6
UDDTs 1. Materials ( super structure) Earth bricks, quarry stones, iron- sheets or concrete blocks 2. Materials ( sub structure-vaults) Earth bricks, quarry stones or concrete blocks Above ground and underground vaults 3. Other aspects Soak pits 4. User Interface Sitting or squatting; Stairs or Access ramp 7
Pros and Cons of Water Based Toilets Based on UBSUP Experiences Pros Suitable for all types of users Accepted by most users in LIAs Cons Exhauster costs will be expensive for the landlords Septic tank construction expensive. Cost not covered in the PCI Dependent on water availability 8
Pros and Cons of UDDTs Based on UBSUP Experiences Pros When used well, no odors, no flies, Collection of UDDT matter by Sanitation team is affordable Cons - Use and maintenance requires commitment by users - Perception of UDDTs in some areas negative due to past projects that did not cover full value chain - Is prone to clogging with faeces and misuse as seen in a few facilities 9
Decentralized Treatment Facilities (DTFs) The DTF intends to close the Sanitation Value Chain for facilities that are not connected to the sewer by allowing for: Adequate treatment of Faecal Sludge (FS) / waste water (WW) / UDDT matter Safe disposal of treated effluent to the environment Reuse of water for irrigation Reuse of dried sludge as soil conditioner Reuse of compost as fertiliser 10
What is NOT treated in the DTF? Never to be treated are: X Greywater (from laundry, kitchen, etc.) due to low pollution loads that would negatively affect the treatment performance of the DTF X Storm water as even co-treatment is not beneficial as the treatment capacity of the DTF must then be much higher 11
