Transforming Urban Areas: Smart Mobility Strategies
Explore the concept of smart cities and the inefficiencies that plague urban environments through the lens of waste management, housing energy usage, and mobility patterns. Discover a strategy for implementing smart mobility solutions to enhance quality of life and reduce waste, making cities more attractive and sustainable.
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THE ITALIAN THINKTANK THE ITALIAN THINKTANK A STRATEGY FOR SMARTLY MOVING CITIES BOLOGNA, 24th October 2014 Smart cities Exhibition Sustainable mobility in urban areas Innovative technologies and shared mobility: cities change paradigm www.visionwebsite.eu www.visionandvalue.com 1
Agenda 1. WHAT IS A SMART/ STUPID CITY AFTER ALL? 2. WHAT IS AT STAKE? THE ITALIAN CASE 3. THE LEVERS FOR A STRATEGY OF SMART MOBILITY AND THE FLEXIBLE CONGESTION RIGHTS 4. THE WAY FORWARD 2
WHAT IS A STUPID CITY? The three laws of cities inefficiency The waste management ENERGY 30% OF WHAT WE BUY, CAN NOT BE CONSUMED 76% 30% OF WHAT COULD BE CONSUMED, IS THROWN AWAY 30% OF WHAT IS THROWN AWAY, IS NOT RELEASED TO A WDS 30% OF WHAT IS RELEASED TO WDS, IS NOT REUSED CONSUMPTION PROCESS 4
WHAT IS A STUPID CITY? The three laws of cities inefficiency The Housing ENERGY HOUSE SPACE PER PERSON IS TWICE WHAT USED TO BE HEATING AND LIGHTNING IS USED FOR HALF OF THE TIME WHEN HOUSE IS EMPTY.. 87,5% .. POTENTIAL ENERGY PRODUCTION WORTHY HALF OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS WASTED CONSUMPTION PROCESS 5
WHAT IS A STUPID CITY? The three laws of cities inefficieny The mobility ENERGY 90% of km per passengers are used by privately owned cars which ..ARE USED FOR 20% OF THEIR CAPACITY TRAVEL AT AN AVERAGE SPEED WHICH IS 20% OF THEIR POTENTIAL SPEED.. 98,4% .. USE A KIND OF ENERGY WHOSE EFFICIENCY IS 20% OF THE ONE AT THE FRONTIER.. .. ARE USED 20% OF THEIR USABLE LIFE CONSUMPTION PROCESS 6
SMART CITIES AS AN INFORMATION BASED, TECHNOLOGY ENABLED PROCESS TO REDUCE WASTE AND MAKE CITIES MORE ATTRACTIVE THROUGH HIGHER QUALITY OF LIFE 7
Agenda 1. WHAT IS A SMART/ STUPID CITY AFTER ALL? 2. WHAT IS AT STAKE? THE ITALIAN CASE 3. THE LEVERS FOR A STRATEGY OF SMART MOBILITY AND THE FLEXIBLE CONGESTION RIGHTS 4. THE WAY FORWARD 8
TOTAL COST PER PERSON.. Cost per citizen, yearly, euro, 2007 and 2008 2.547 2.530 2007 1.449 1.384 1.390 1.415 1.410 1.365 2008 1.211 1.155 1.036 1.033 964 917 843 840 776 764 491 472 bari bologna firenze genova milano napoli palermo roma torino venezia 9 Source: Vision & Value on Octotelematics and ACI, Istat, MISE, NYSE
ENERGY BILL Cost per citizen, yearly, euro, 2007 and 2008 506 467 2007 2008 265 263 243 249 236 229 217 219 201 191 185 177 174 163 147 133 128 114 bari bologna firenze genova milano napoli palermo roma torino venezia 10 Source: Vision & Value on Octotelematics data and ACI and MISE
..TIME WASTED.. Hours spent in cars in cities, yearly, 2007 and 2008 229,82 227,30 2008 2007 139,64 136,34 128,68 120,73 123,40 116,38 110,15 110,63 109,56 105,70 101,18 101,85 100,56 98,22 74,18 72,66 55,89 55,06 bari bologna firenze genova milano napoli palermo roma torino venezia 11 Source: Vision & Value on Octotelematics and ACI data
..AND POLLUTION.. Cost of CO2 emissions per habitant, in cities, yearly, 2007 and 2008 12 Source: Vision & Value on Octotelematics and ACI data
Traffic Cost Model Average kms traveled Traffic Cost Model Average speed * TIME COST Performance Levers * Monetary value per hour + COST PER CAR Average kms traveled * TOTAL COST Average cost of fuel per liter * city year week day FUEL COST * * NUMBER OF CARS PER INHABITANT time segment Average oil consumptions + * Average kms travelled * NUMBER OF INHABITANTS CO2 EMISSION COST Average cost per CO2 tonne * Average CO2 emissions per km, differentiated by city Source: Vision & Value 13
Agenda 1. WHAT IS A SMART/ STUPID CITY AFTER ALL? 2. WHAT IS AT STAKE? THE ITALIAN CASE 3. THE LEVERS FOR A STRATEGY OF SMART MOBILITY AND THE FLEXIBLE CONGESTION RIGHTS 4. THE WAY FORWARD 14
SMART MOBILITY LEVERS 1. SMALLER/ FLEXIBLE CARS/ VEHICLES 1. WHY DO HUMANS USE A 1 + TON VEHICLE TO MOVE 70 KG OF HUMAN BEING MEAT AROUND? 2. ELECTRONIC PARKING/ DRIVELESS CARS 2. WHY VEHICLES MOVE SO SLOWLY ? MEASUREMENT AND INCENTIVES 3. WHY DO HUMANS CONTINUE TO USE FOSSIL ENERGY TO FEED THE VEHICLE WHEN THEY COULD SPEND BETWEEN 90 AND 80 % LESS BY USING OTHER SOURCES OF ENERGY? 3. ELECTRIC/ NO FOSSIL CARS 4. CARS SHARING/ POOLING 4. WHY THEN SUCH VEHICLES RESULT UNUSED FOR 90% OF THEIR LIFE? 15
THE PROBLEM FROM AN ECONOMIST 2 POINT OF VIEW EXTERNALITIES ON OTHER INDIVIDUALS INTERNALIZED COST EXTERNALITIES ON FUTURE GENERATIONS 16
THE PAY AS YOU CONGEST AND POLLUTE PRINCIPLE (1) BAN (APPARENTLY MORE EQUITABLE AND EASIER TO DESIGN) BEHAVIOR CHANGING OPTIONS INCENTIVES (FLEXIBILITY, RESOURCES FOR INVESTMENTS) 17
Flexible congestion charge TRIP (Duration, mode move or parking -, speed) PLACE TIMING (zones and distances from centres of congestions, culture, administration) (hour within day, day within week, month within year) PRICING CAR (Dimension, consumption, footprint) 18
THE PAY AS YOU CONGEST AND POLLUTE PRINCIPLE (2) COUNTRIES CITIES PEOPLE (AND FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES) 19
Agenda 1. WHAT IS A SMART/ STUPID CITY AFTER ALL? 2. WHAT IS AT STAKE? THE ITALIAN CASE 3. THE LEVERS FOR A STRATEGY OF SMART MOBILITY AND THE FLEXIBLE CONGESTION RIGHTS 4. THE WAY FORWARD 20
CRITICAL QUESTIONS FOR CHANGE TO HAPPEN How can we make (different segments of) citizens to buy change? How can we make industries (car and ICT makers ) leading part of the transformation? How can we assess benefitis and risks of something new? 21
THE WAY FORWARD 1. MEASURE THE PROBLEM 2. ENCOURAGE DIVERSITY 3. TRY CONGEST AND POLLUTE PAY MECHANISMS (FCR) 4. PUT TOGETHER THE FOUR QUADS FOR INNOVATION TO HAPPEN INDUSTRY OPINION MAKING POLICY RESEARCH 22
THE ITALIAN THINKTANK THE ITALIAN THINKTANK francesco.grillo@visionandvalue.com francesco.grillo@oii.ox.ac.uk WWW.VISIONWEBSITE.EU WWW.VISIONANDVALUE.COM 23
