Anatomy and Histology of the Eye: A Comprehensive Study
An in-depth exploration of the anatomy and histology of the eye, covering structures such as the cornea, sclera, choroid, iris, and more. Detailed descriptions of each component, including layers, composition, and functions, are provided alongside accompanying images for visual reference.
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Mustansiriyah University College of science Biology Dept. Zoology 4thclass Organs Histology LAB. (7) NAME : 1
Cornea Cornea Anterior chamber Anterior chamber UCSF UCSF #164 #164 Iris Iris Posterior chamber Posterior chamber Ciliary body and processes Ciliary body and processes Vitreous body Vitreous body Hyaloid canal Hyaloid canal Sclera Sclera Choroid Choroid # Eye # Eye- -2 2 Retina Retina Optic nerve Optic nerve Central retinal Central retinal artery artery & vein & vein
Cornea: Cornea: It is transparent ,avascular and highly innervated anterior portion of the fibrous. It is composed of 5 distinct layers: It is composed of 5 distinct layers: 1. Corneal Epithelium A.NON- keratinized stratified squamous tissue. B. Contains numerous free nerve endings. 2. Bowman s membrane A. It is homogenous non-cellular layer. B. Contains type 1 collagen fiber. 3. Stroma * Thickest layer (about 90%) Composed of Parallel Lamella of DENSE C.T. 4. Descemet s membrane A. Thick Basement membrane. B. Formed by : Corneal endothelium (the layer under it). 5. Corneal endothelium Simple squamous epithelium.
Stratified squamous Epithelium Bowman's membrane Corneal endothelium Corneal stroma Corneal fibroblasts Descemet's Membrane
SCLERA SCLERA IT covers the Posterior 5/6 of the fibrous tunic. Consists of bundles of Type 1 collagen (dense irregular C.T.). Melanocytes are located in the deeper regions.
CHOROID CILIARY BODY 1. IT is the vascular pigmented Posterior portion of the middle vascular tunic. 1. It is the anterior continuation of the choroid, it surrounds the lens. 2.Structure: IT composed mainly of Loose C.T. with Melanocytes. 2.Structure: IT formed of Loose vascular and pigment C.T.
1) Anterior border layer Incomplete layer of: fibroblasts melanocytes. IRIS IRIS It is formed of 5 5 layers layers Poorly vascularized C.T with: fibroblasts melanocytes. 2) Stroma 3) Vessel layer Well-vascularized loose C.T. Centrally, it contains circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers (sphincter pupillae muscle). 4) Dilator pupillae muscle layer Contains radially arranged myoepithelial cells. 5) Posterior surface layer It is composed of two rows of pigmented epithelial cells.
Retina Retina It is formed of 10 distinct layers It is formed of 10 distinct layers From Inside to outside From Inside to outside 1) Inner limiting layer 2) Optic nerve fiber layer 3) Ganglion cell layer 4) Inner plexiform layer 5) Inner nuclear layer 6) Outer plexiform layer 7) Outer nuclear layer 8) Outer limiting membrane 9) Rods and cones layer 10) Pigmented epithelium
Inside to outside Types of cells in the retina: 1.Pigmented epithelium 2.Nerve cells: A. Photoreceptor cells . B. Bipolar neurons C. Ganglion cells 3.Neuroglial cells: A. Muller s cells B. Astrocytes
CONJUNCTIVA CONJUNCTIVA It s the transparent mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids (palpebral conjunctiva) and reflecting onto the sclera of the anterior surface of the eye (bulbar conjunctiva). 1- Epithelium: A. Stratified columnar epithelium B. numerous goblet cells. 2- Lamina propria: . Loose C.T.
