The Mysteries of Life: Origins, Evolution, and Plant Cells

 
ORIGIN OF LIFE
 
Abhijit Bhattacharjee
Asst Professor, Dept of Botany
Swami Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya
Mohanpur, West Tripura
Website: svmmohanpur.nic.in
 
Origin of Earth?
 
 The earth is said to have come into existence
5 billion years ago and before the existence of
life.
 
What is Life?
 
 Life on earth came into existence only a billion years
after the existence of earth
 Life is an urge of the Universe to understand itself
 Life is a pageant that passes very quickly, going
hastily from one darkness to another darkness with
only ignes fatui to guide; and there is no sense in it. I
learned that, Kerin, without moiling over books
(according to 
James Branch Cabell
).
 There are two major forms of life in earth i.e. plants
and animals
 
Origin of life?
 
 It is one of the great mysteries in the Universe
 The origin of life is a long-standing and controversial topic.
 During the mid-17
th
 century the British physiologist 
William
Harvey
, in the course of his studies on the reproduction
and development of the king’s deer, discovered that
every animal comes from an egg (a single cell).
 The earliest known vascular 
plants
 come from the Silurian
period. Cooksonia is often regarded as the earliest known
fossil of a vascular land 
plant
, and dates from just 425
million years ago in the late Early Silurian.
 
Hypothetical view of origin...
 
 The origin of life is a result of a 
supernatural event
—that is,
one irretrievably beyond the descriptive powers of physics,
chemistry and other science.
 Life, particularly simple forms, spontaneously and readily
arises from nonliving matter in short periods of time, today as
in the past.
 Life is coeternal with matter and has no beginning; life arrived
on Earth at the time of Earth’s origin or shortly thereafter.
 Life arose on the early Earth by a series of
progressive chemical reactions. Such reactions may have been
likely or may have required one or more highly improbable
chemical events.
 
 
 
 
Plant cells
 
plants are mainly multicellular
living organ
 plant cells are eukaryotic type
with true nucleus
 plant cells are differentiated
from the cells of other
organisms by their cell walls,
chloroplasts, and central
vacuole.
 specifically, plant cells
are photo-autotrophic because
they use light energy from the
sun to produce glucose.
 
Source: 
micro.magnet.fsu.edu
 
Major components of plant cell
 
 cell wall
 cell membrane
 Nucleus
 Plastids
 Leucoplasts
 Chloroplasts
 Central Vacuole
 Golgi Apparatus
 Ribosomes
 Mitochondria
 Lysosome
 
Types of plant cells
 
 Collenchyma Cells
 Sclerenchyma Cells
 Parenchyma Cells
 Xylem Cells
 Phloem Cells
 
Animal cells
 
 Animal cells are the basic
unit of life in organisms of
the kingdom 
Animalia.
  
They are eukaryotic cells.
 
unlike plants and fungi
cells, do not have a cell
wall.
 
like all eukaryotic cells,
animal cells have
mitochondria 
to create ATP.
 
Source: withcarbon.com
 
Organelles of animal cell
 
 cell membrane
 nucleus
 ribosomes
 endoplasmic reticulum
 vesicles
 golgi apparatus
 mitochondria
 cytosol
 lysosome
 peroxisome
 
Source: biologywise.com
 
Functions
 
 
Cells are highly specialized to carry out specific
tasks.
Provide Structure and Support: every organism is
made of cells.
Facilitate Growth through Mitosis and give rise to
new organisms.
Allow Passive and Active Transport
Produce Energy
Create Metabolic Reactions
Aids in Reproduction
 
 
 
 
 
 
Difference between plant and animal
cells
 
Source: thoughtco.com
 
 References:
 
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/history-of-life-
on-earth/history-life-on-earth/v/origins-of-life
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyhZcEY5PCQ
 
 
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-
biology/hs-cells/hs-plant-vs-animal-cells/v/overview-of-
animal-and-plant-cells
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H49P4meYyos
 
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The origins of life on Earth, spanning billions of years, continue to intrigue scientists. From the emergence of the Earth to the evolution of plant and animal life forms, the journey of life is a profound tale of adaptation and survival. Explore the fascinating hypothetical views on the origin of life, the evolution of plant cells, and the major components that make up these essential building blocks of the botanical world.


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  1. ORIGIN OF LIFE Abhijit Bhattacharjee Asst Professor, Dept of Botany Swami Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya Mohanpur, West Tripura Email id: svm.mnp@gmail.com Website: svmmohanpur.nic.in

  2. Origin of Earth? The earth is said to have come into existence 5 billion years ago and before the existence of life.

  3. What is Life? Life on earth came into existence only a billion years after the existence of earth Life is an urge of the Universe to understand itself Life is a pageant that passes very quickly, going hastily from one darkness to another darkness with only ignes fatui to guide; and there is no sense in it. I learned that, Kerin, without moiling over books (according to James Branch Cabell). There are two major forms of life in earth i.e. plants and animals

  4. Origin of life? It is one of the great mysteries in the Universe The origin of life is a long-standing and controversial topic. During the mid-17thcentury the British physiologist William Harvey, in the course of his studies on the reproduction and development of the king s deer, discovered that every animal comes from an egg (a single cell). The earliest known vascular plants come from the Silurian period. Cooksonia is often regarded as the earliest known fossil of a vascular land plant, and dates from just 425 million years ago in the late Early Silurian.

  5. Hypothetical view of origin... The origin of life is a result of a supernatural event that is, one irretrievably beyond the descriptive powers of physics, chemistry and other science. Life, particularly simple forms, spontaneously and readily arises from nonliving matter in short periods of time, today as in the past. Life is coeternal with matter and has no beginning; life arrived on Earth at the time of Earth s origin or shortly thereafter. Life arose on the early progressive chemical reactions. Such reactions may have been likely or may have required one or more highly improbable chemical events. Earth by a series of

  6. Plant cells plants are mainly multicellular living organ plant cells are eukaryotic type with true nucleus plant cells are differentiated from the cells organisms by their cell walls, chloroplasts, vacuole. specifically, are photo-autotrophic because they use light energy from the sun to produce glucose. of other and central plant cells Source: micro.magnet.fsu.edu

  7. Major components of plant cell cell wall cell membrane Nucleus Plastids Leucoplasts Chloroplasts Central Vacuole Golgi Apparatus Ribosomes Mitochondria Lysosome

  8. Types of plant cells Collenchyma Cells Sclerenchyma Cells Parenchyma Cells Xylem Cells Phloem Cells

  9. Animal cells Animal cells are the basic unit of life in organisms of the kingdom Animalia. They are eukaryotic cells. unlike plants and fungi cells, do not have a cell wall. like all eukaryotic cells, animal cells mitochondria to create ATP. have Source: withcarbon.com

  10. Organelles of animal cell cell membrane nucleus ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum vesicles golgi apparatus mitochondria cytosol lysosome peroxisome Source: biologywise.com

  11. Functions Cells are highly specialized to carry out specific tasks. Provide Structure and Support: every organism is made of cells. Facilitate Growth through Mitosis and give rise to new organisms. Allow Passive and Active Transport Produce Energy Create Metabolic Reactions Aids in Reproduction

  12. Difference between plant and animal cells Basis of comparison Plant cells Animal cells Cell Size Usually larger, which is fixed. Smaller in size and irregular. Cell Shape Rectangular. Round Enclosed by rigid cell wall along with the plasma membrane a flexible, thin plasma membrane only Nucleus Present and lies on one side of the cell. Present and lies in the centre of the cell wall. Absent Present Centrosomes/Centrioles Plastids Present with chloroplast in them. Plastids are absent Cilia Absent. Usually present. Glyoxysomes May be present Absent Plasmodesmata Present Absent Desmosomes/Tight junction Absent Present

  13. Basis of comparison Plant cells Animal cells Mitochondria Vacuoles Lysosomes Present in fewer number Only one huge vacuole Rarely noticed in plant cells. contains chloroplast Present as starch. synthesize all amino acids, vitamins and coenzymes Present in large number contain many in numbers Present Chloroplast Reserve food Synthesis of nutrients lack chloroplast Present as glycogen not able to synthesize Source: thoughtco.com

  14. References: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/history-of-life- on-earth/history-life-on-earth/v/origins-of-life https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyhZcEY5PCQ https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school- biology/hs-cells/hs-plant-vs-animal-cells/v/overview-of- animal-and-plant-cells https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H49P4meYyos

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