Exploring Cellular Biology: From Cells to DNA

Delve into the intricacies of cellular biology by comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, investigating cellular processes, understanding viral structures and reproduction, exploring the cell cycle stages, examining specialized cells, and recognizing the crucial roles of DNA and RNA in cell differentiation and diseases like cancer.

• Cellular Biology
• Prokaryotic
• Eukaryotic
• DNA
• Cell Cycle

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1. compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.[BIO.4A] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

2. investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules.[BIO.4B] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

3. compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.[BIO.4C] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

4. describe the stages of the cell cycle, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms.[BIO.5A] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

5. examine specialized cells, including roots, stems, and leaves of plants; and animal cells such as blood, muscle, and epithelium.[BIO.5B] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

6. describe the roles of DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and environmental factors in cell differentiation.[BIO.5C] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

7. recognize that disruptions of the cell cycle lead to diseases such as cancer.[BIO.5D] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

8. identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA.[BIO.6A] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

9. recognize that components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms.[BIO.6B] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

10. explain the purpose and process of transcription and translation using models of DNA and RNA.[BIO.6C] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

11. recognize that gene expression is a regulated process.[BIO.6D] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

12. identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these changes.[BIO.6E] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

13. predict possible outcomes of various genetic combinations such as monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses and non- Mendelian inheritance.[BIO.6F] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

14. recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction.[BIO.6G] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

15. describe how techniques such as DNA fingerprinting, genetic modifications, and chromosomal analysis are used to study the genomes of organisms.[BIO.6H] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

16. analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies, including anatomical, molecular, and developmental.[BIO.7A] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

17. analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning any data of sudden appearance, stasis, and sequential nature of groups in the fossil record.[BIO.7B] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

18. analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in populations, not individuals.[BIO.7C] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

19. analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection, including inherited variation, the potential of a population to produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of environmental resources, result in differential reproductive success.[BIO.7D] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

20. analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to the development of diversity in and among species.[BIO.7E] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

21. analyze and evaluate the effects of other evolutionary mechanisms, including genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and recombination.[BIO.7F] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

22. analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning the complexity of the cell.[BIO.7G] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

23. define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a standardized taxonomic system to the scientific community.[BIO.8A] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

24. categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification system based on similarities and differences shared among groups.[BIO.8B] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

25. compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals.[BIO.8C] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

26. compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.[BIO.9A] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

27. compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter.[BIO.9B] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

28. identify and investigate the role of enzymes.[BIO.9C] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

29. analyze and evaluate the evidence regarding formation of simple organic molecules and their organization into long complex molecules having information such as the DNA molecule for self- replicating life.[BIO.9D] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

30. describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of regulation, nutrient absorption, reproduction, and defense from injury or illness in animals.[BIO.10A] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

31. describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response in plants.[BIO.10B] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

32. analyze the levels of organization in biological systems and relate the levels to each other and to the whole system.[BIO.10C] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

33. describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms in the maintenance of homeostasis.[BIO.11A] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

34. investigate and analyze how organisms, populations, and communities respond to external factors.[BIO.11B] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

35. summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems.[BIO.11C] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

36. describe how events and processes that occur during ecological succession can change populations and species diversity.[BIO.11D] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

37. interpret relationships, including predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, and competition among organisms.[BIO.12A] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

38. compare variations and adaptations of organisms in different ecosystems.[BIO.12B] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

39. analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids.[BIO.12C] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

40. recognize that long-term survival of species is dependent on changing resource bases that are limited.[BIO.12D] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

41. describe the flow of matter through the carbon and nitrogen cycles and explain the consequences of disrupting these cycles.[BIO.12E] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology

42. describe how environmental change can impact ecosystem stability.[BIO.12F] October 2014 Secondary Science - Biology