Impacts of Brassica Removal on Plant and Fungal Communities

 
Plant and fungal community responses to
different methods of 
Brassica
 removal
Riley T. Pratt, Stephanie N. Kivlin, Jessica D. Pratt,
Margaret B. Royall, Jennifer M. Talbot
Orange County Society for Conservation Biology
 
Speaker Seminar Series
Field Trips
Restoration Projects & Research
 
www.ocscb.org
Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve: 752 Acres
4.8 ACRE SLOPE
COASTAL SAGE SCRUB
NATIVE GRASSLAND
INVASIVES: BRASSICA AND ERODIUM SPP.
 
Effects of 
Brassica
 Invasion on Ecosystems
Alter structure and composition of coastal sage
scrub (CSS)
Disrupt native fungal communities on which many
CSS plant species depend
 
Establishing experimental
Brassica 
removal plots
 
4 treatments x 4 reps. = 16 plots
 
Treatments:
1.
Herbicide (2% glyphosate)
2.
Mow
3.
Hand-weed
4.
Control
 
Treatments applied in Mar & Dec 2009
and Dec 2010
 
Responses Measured (Spring 2010-2012):
Percent cover of all plant species
Fungal hyphal length in soil
 
Research Questions
 
How do different methods of 
Brassica
 removal impact:
 
1.
Cover
 
of 
Brassica 
species?
2.
Overall cover of native and exotic vegetation?
3.
Plant species composition?
4.
Fungal biomass in soil?
 
March 2010: Handweeding suppresses 
Brassica
 and
promotes native plant cover more than controls
 
Native cover: F
3,15
 = 3.93, P=0.036; 
Brassica 
cover
 :
 F
3,15
 = 8.13, P = 0.003;
Non-Brassica exotic cover: F
3,15 
= 11.65, P < 0.001
 
Mowing & handweeding ↓ 
Brassica 
and
↑ the native 
Deindandra fasiculata
 
MRPP  T = -7.74, A=0.415, P < 0.0001
R
e
m
o
v
a
l
 
T
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
s
 
F
3,15
 = 3.343, P = 0.038
 
Brassica
 removal increases fungal biomass
R
e
m
o
v
a
l
 
T
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
s
 
March 2011: Handweeding suppresses 
Brassica
 and
promotes native plant cover more than controls
 
Native cover: F
3,15
 = 0.8, P=0.511; 
Brassica 
cover
 :
 F
3,15
 = 2.22, P = 0.138;
Non-Brassica exotic cover: F
3,15 
= 4.29, P =0.028
 
January 2012: Handweeding suppresses 
Brassica
 and
promotes native plant cover more than controls
 
Native cover: F
3,15
 = 0.13, P=0.9397; 
Brassica 
cover
 :
 F
3,15
 = 7.2, P = 0.005;
Non-Brassica exotic cover: F
3,15 
= 7.86, P =0.004
 
Summary
H
e
r
b
i
c
i
d
e
Reduced all plant cover types initially but currently has the
highest cover of 
Brassica
Initially increased soil fungi compared to the control
 
M
o
w
i
n
g
Did not affect 
Brassica
, native, or exotic plant cover
Resulted in the greatest initial increase of soil fungi
 
H
a
n
d
-
w
e
e
d
i
n
g
Most effectively reduced 
Brassica
 cover and increased
native plant cover.
Initially increased soil fungi compared to the control
 
Is hand-weeding worth the effort?
 
Acknowledgements
 
Research, design, data collection
: Steve Allison, Bob Reed, Kathleen Treseder, and
Numerous OCSCB volunteers
 
Collaborators
: Matt Yurko (CCC), Jeff Stoddard (DFG), County of Orange Park and Rec
 
Funding
: Sonoran Joint Venture Foundation, Newport Bay Conservancy
www.ocscb.org
 
Soil fungi increase when soil nitrate declines
 
No treatment
 
Herbicide
 
Mowed
 
Hand-weeded
% Change in soil NO
3
-
 after 1 month
 
Pre-treatment
 
1 month
 
3 months
 
No treatment
 
Herbicide
 
Mowed
 
Hand-weeded
 
Soil NO
3
-
 (ug N/g soil)
Slide Note

Thank you for the invitation to speak today

My names is Riley Pratt and I am a founding member of the Orange county chapter of the Society for Conservation Biology.

We are one of 50 local chapters of the International Society that span 16 countries.

The broad mission of the Society is to promote the scientific study of biodiversity conservation and to disseminate that science through publications, primarily of the journal Conservation Biology and through regular international and regional scientific conferences.

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Study on methods of Brassica removal in Coastal Sage Scrub ecosystems, evaluating effects on plant and fungal communities. Results show differences in vegetation cover, species composition, and fungal biomass with various removal techniques like herbicide, mowing, and hand-weeding.


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  1. Plant and fungal community responses to different methods of Brassica removal Riley T. Pratt, Stephanie N. Kivlin, Jessica D. Pratt, Margaret B. Royall, Jennifer M. Talbot Orange County Society for Conservation Biology

  2. www.ocscb.org Speaker Seminar Series Field Trips Restoration Projects & Research

  3. Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve: 752 Acres

  4. 4.8 ACRE SLOPE COASTAL SAGE SCRUB NATIVE GRASSLAND INVASIVES: BRASSICA AND ERODIUM SPP.

  5. Effects of Brassica Invasion on Ecosystems Alter structure and composition of coastal sage scrub (CSS) Disrupt native fungal communities on which many CSS plant species depend

  6. Establishing experimental Brassica removal plots 4 treatments x 4 reps. = 16 plots Treatments: 1. Herbicide (2% glyphosate) 2. Mow 3. Hand-weed 4. Control Treatments applied in Mar & Dec 2009 and Dec 2010 Responses Measured (Spring 2010-2012): Percent cover of all plant species Fungal hyphal length in soil

  7. Research Questions How do different methods of Brassica removal impact: 1. 2. 3. 4. Coverof Brassica species? Overall cover of native and exotic vegetation? Plant species composition? Fungal biomass in soil?

  8. March 2010: Handweeding suppresses Brassica and promotes native plant cover more than controls Removal Treatments Native cover: F3,15 = 3.93, P=0.036; Brassica cover : F3,15 = 8.13, P = 0.003; Non-Brassica exotic cover: F3,15 = 11.65, P < 0.001

  9. Mowing & handweeding Brassica and the native Deindandra fasiculata Removal Treatments MRPP T = -7.74, A=0.415, P < 0.0001

  10. Brassica removal increases fungal biomass Removal Treatments F3,15 = 3.343, P = 0.038

  11. March 2011: Handweeding suppresses Brassica and promotes native plant cover more than controls Removal Treatments Native cover: F3,15 = 0.8, P=0.511; Brassica cover : F3,15 = 2.22, P = 0.138; Non-Brassica exotic cover: F3,15 = 4.29, P =0.028

  12. January 2012: Handweeding suppresses Brassica and promotes native plant cover more than controls Removal Treatments Native cover: F3,15 = 0.13, P=0.9397; Brassica cover : F3,15 = 7.2, P = 0.005; Non-Brassica exotic cover: F3,15 = 7.86, P =0.004

  13. Summary Herbicide Reduced all plant cover types initially but currently has the highest cover of Brassica Initially increased soil fungi compared to the control Mowing Did not affect Brassica, native, or exotic plant cover Resulted in the greatest initial increase of soil fungi Hand-weeding Most effectively reduced Brassica cover and increased native plant cover. Initially increased soil fungi compared to the control

  14. Is hand-weeding worth the effort?

  15. Acknowledgements Research, design, data collection: Steve Allison, Bob Reed, Kathleen Treseder, and Numerous OCSCB volunteers Collaborators: Matt Yurko (CCC), Jeff Stoddard (DFG), County of Orange Park and Rec Funding: Sonoran Joint Venture Foundation, Newport Bay Conservancy www.ocscb.org

  16. Soil fungi increase when soil nitrate declines Mowing Soil hyphal length (mm/g dry soil) Hand-weeding Herbicide No treatment % Change in soil NO3- after 1 month

  17. % Change in soil NO3- after 1 month Herbicide No treatment Mowed Hand-weeded

  18. Pre-treatment 1 month 3 months Soil NO3- (ug N/g soil) Herbicide No treatment Mowed Hand-weeded

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