Understanding Immigration: Issues and Impacts

 
Title:  
Finnis’ Natural Law and Hoose’s
Proportionalism: application of the theory
 
Overview for this section
Candidates need to apply the theory they have learnt in sections
2D and 2E to both ethical issues of immigration and capital
punishment.
A detailed overview of how the various aspects of Finnis’ Natural
Law (with reference to the appropriate elements of the seven basic
human goods, the nine requirements of practical reason and the
common good) and Hoose’s Proportionalism (only breaking a
principle if there is a proportionate reason and based on agape
love) apply to these two ethical issues is needed.
Candidates should focus on the application of the theory to the
issues and not on a broad and detailed description of the ethical
issues themselves.
 
Revision – deontological, teleological and agape
2D Finnis’ Natural Law Theory
 
Write a sentence to explain natural
law using the words; Aquinas,
eternal, reason, God, re-establish and
purpose.
What is the difference between
practical and theoretical reason?
What did Finnis mean by self-
evident?
What seven basic goods did Finnis
identify? L, K, F, P, A, P, R
What are the nine requirements of
practical reason?
Whole life, no arbitrary preferences
between values and people,
detachment, commitment, efficiency,
do good, community and conscience
2 E Hoose’s Proportionalism
 
Why did Proportionalism develop?
How can Aquinas’ Natural Law be
said to have some proportionalist
ideas and also to oppose it?
What is Proportionalism?
Complete this quote from Hoose
‘It is never right to go against a
principle unless  . . .
What are pre-moral, ontic or physical
acts and why are they relevant to
Proportionalism?
Why are value, disvalue, right act and
good act key concepts for
Proportionalists?
How can Proportionalism be
compared to Situation Ethics?
Immigration
 
What is it?
Why would people immigrate?
What could be some of the issues arising
from immigration?
What reasons can you give for immigration
being a good thing?
What reasons can you give for immigration
being a bad thing
?
What is it?
 
Immigration
the action of 
coming
 to live permanently in a foreign
country.
Emigration
the act of 
leaving 
one's own country to settle permanently
in another; moving abroad.
The 
difference between
 “immigrate” and
emigrate
” is
“immigrating” is the act of entering a foreign country to live
while “
emigrating
” is the act of leaving a country to live in
another.
 
Illegal immigration
 (also referred to
unauthorized or undocumented 
immigrants
)
the 
migration
 of people across national borders in
a way that violates the 
immigration
 laws of the
destined country
Why would people immigrate?
 
Push factors
Economic
No work
No resources
Poor education
Services that provide a
longer life expectancy and
life opportunities
Weak infrastructure
Poverty (LEDCs)
Political
Government opposed to
your views
Dictators
Seeking refuge or asylum
from conflict or
persecution
 
Pull Factors
Economic
More jobs
Resources
Free and effective education
Medical care
High Standard of living (MEDCs)
 
 
Political
Freedom of beliefs and actions
Democracy that allows your views
to be aired
A country with a good record of
Human Rights or one free of
conflict
 
Why would people immigrate?
 
Push factors
Environmental
Current flooding,
droughts, earthquakes
etc
High risk of natural
disasters in the future
(unstable)
A climate inappropriate
for growing food
A climate inappropriate
for growing goods to
export
 
Pull Factors
Environmental
o
No current natural disasters
 
o
Stable environment with low
future risks
 
o
A climate that allows food to
grow
o
A climate appropriate for growing
goods to export
Issues
 
Illegal Immigration
Risking life to move
What is the action that is the least ‘risky’?
Breaking the law
Should the law be kept in this case?
If it damages pursuits of the Basic Goods (Finnis),
or creates disproportionate results in terms of
agape (Hoose) is it a law we should adhere to?
Funding criminal gangs to move
Can this sort of migration ever be moral?
Issues
 
legal Immigration
Changes in demographic and culture
Are we undermining Basic Goods by allowing this?
Is this proportionate in terms of agape?
Migrant crises for the countries receiving the
immigrants?
Economic consequences
Problems with demands on infrastructure
Public services: transport, education, housing, healthcare
Are we undermining Basic Goods in this way?
Is 
this 
proportionate in terms of agape?
 
Theme 2F:
Applying Finnis’ Natural Law to Immigration
 
Questions for this lesson
How do the seven basic human goods apply to
immigration?
How do the Nine Requirements of Practical Reason apply
to immigration?
How does the Common Good apply to immigration?
 
Starter: Consider the previous discussions, do you think Finnis’ Natural Law would
say immigration is a moral act?
Starter
 
“Finnis’ Natural Law would justify
immigration.”
AGREE
DISAGREE
 
Make notes on the following:
Why should we welcome
immigration?
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPjzf
GChGlE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1sdI
HbkHEw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oOm
A09unRM
 
 
 
Case Study: Migration from
Sub-Saharan Africa to Europe
 
Task: Use your notes to explain how
Finnis’ seven Basic Goods, and Nine
Requirements of Practical
Reasonableness would mean immigration
is moral and should be allowed
 
Make notes on the following:
Why should we not welcome
immigration?
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPjzf
GChGlE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ehG
hwfd4sM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWTO
aYKp-Aw
 
 
 
Task: Use your notes to explain how Finnis’
seven Basic Goods, and Nine Requirements of
Practical Reasonableness would mean
immigration is immoral and should 
not
 be
allowed and how it could be used to show
immigration is moral and should be allowed
 
Do you still think the same?
 
“Finnis’ Natural Law would justify
immigration.”
AGREE
DISAGREE
Finnis’ Natural Law
 
Finnis disagrees with immigration or the lack of
controls on immigration.
Finnis warns about the imminent demise of
(European, Anglo-American) civilization posed by
the aliens at the gates, people immigrating from
‘other’ countries with ‘other’ cultures and social
norms
He thinks Western societies are quickly going to
pot, and he lays some of the blame for this on loose
immigration policies.
Remember at AO2 you will get an opportunity to explain
challenges to his views
Finnis’ Natural Law
 
European states in the early twenty-first century move ever more
clearly out of the social and political conditions of the 1960s into a
trajectory of demographic and cultural decay, circumscription of
political, religious and educational speech and associated
freedoms; pervasive untruthfulness about equality and diversity;
population transfer and replacement by a kind of reverse
colonization; and resultant international fissiparation
foreshadowing, it seems, ethnic and religious inter-communal
miseries of hatred, bloodshed and political paralysis reminiscent
of late twentieth century Yugoslavia’s or the Levant’s.
 
John Finnis from his essay on the political philosophy of H.L.A. Hart
 
How is Finnis applying his
Seven Basic Goods and Nine
Requirements of Practical
Reasonableness in order to
show that 
FREE
 immigration
should not be allowed?
Theme 2F:Applying Hoose’s
Proportionalism to immigration
 
Questions for this lesson
How does Hoose’s proportionalism apply to immigration?
 
Starter: Do you think Hoose’s Proportionalism would say immigration is a moral
act?
 
Starter
 
“Hoose’s Proportionalism would justify
immigration.”
AGREE
DISAGREE
 
What are the costs and
benefits of immigration
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=by2
dTCj-qdk
Proportionalism
 
Immigration
 
does allow for some of the 
ontic (real)
goods 
– qualities such as dignity, integrity and justice –
which themselves are not moral but are desirable
qualities and should be taken into account when
making a moral decision.
However, if immigration can cause harm to others, as
we have seen Finnis has tried to show, it could not be
justified.
All possible consequences need to be considered to
decide whether or not it can be justified.
 
Task
 
Apply the principles of proportionalism
and agape to immigration
 
Exam question
 
Explain how Finnis’ Natural Law would apply to
immigration [20]
Is this AO1 or AO2?
What must you do?
Plan your DISS
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Immigration involves the action of permanently moving to a foreign country, while illegal immigration violates immigration laws. Reasons for immigration include economic factors and seeking better opportunities. The ethical considerations of immigration can be analyzed through the lenses of Finnis Natural Law and Hoose's Proportionalism theories.


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  1. Title: Finnis Natural Law and Hooses Proportionalism: application of the theory Overview for this section Candidates need to apply the theory they have learnt in sections 2D and 2E to both ethical issues of immigration and capital punishment. A detailed overview of how the various aspects of Finnis Natural Law (with reference to the appropriate elements of the seven basic human goods, the nine requirements of practical reason and the common good) and Hoose s Proportionalism (only breaking a principle if there is a proportionate reason and based on agape love) apply to these two ethical issues is needed. Candidates should focus on the application of the theory to the issues and not on a broad and detailed description of the ethical issues themselves.

  2. Revision deontological, teleological and agape 2D Finnis Natural Law Theory 2 E Hoose s Proportionalism Write a sentence to explain natural law using the words; Aquinas, eternal, reason, God, re-establish and purpose. What is the difference between practical and theoretical reason? What did Finnis mean by self- evident? What seven basic goods did Finnis identify? L, K, F, P, A, P, R What are the nine requirements of practical reason? Whole life, no arbitrary preferences between values and people, detachment, commitment, efficiency, do good, community and conscience Why did Proportionalism develop? How can Aquinas Natural Law be said to have some proportionalist ideas and also to oppose it? What is Proportionalism? Complete this quote from Hoose It is never right to go against a principle unless . . . What are pre-moral, ontic or physical acts and why are they relevant to Proportionalism? Why are value, disvalue, right act and good act key concepts for Proportionalists? How can Proportionalism be compared to Situation Ethics?

  3. Immigration What is it? Why would people immigrate? What could be some of the issues arising from immigration? What reasons can you give for immigration being a good thing? What reasons can you give for immigration being a bad thing?

  4. What is it? Immigration the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country. Emigration the act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad. The difference between immigrate and emigrate is immigrating is the act of entering a foreign country to live while emigrating is the act of leaving a country to live in another.

  5. Illegal immigration (also referred to unauthorized or undocumented immigrants) the migration of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destined country

  6. Why would people immigrate? Push factors Economic No work No resources Poor education Services that provide a longer life expectancy and life opportunities Weak infrastructure Poverty (LEDCs) Political Government opposed to your views Dictators Seeking refuge or asylum from conflict or persecution Pull Factors Economic More jobs Resources Free and effective education Medical care High Standard of living (MEDCs) Political Freedom of beliefs and actions Democracy that allows your views to be aired A country with a good record of Human Rights or one free of conflict

  7. Why would people immigrate? Push factors Environmental Current flooding, droughts, earthquakes etc High risk of natural disasters in the future (unstable) A climate inappropriate for growing food A climate inappropriate for growing goods to export Pull Factors Environmental No current natural disasters o Stable environment with low future risks o A climate that allows food to grow A climate appropriate for growing goods to export o o

  8. Issues Illegal Immigration Risking life to move What is the action that is the least risky ? Breaking the law Should the law be kept in this case? If it damages pursuits of the Basic Goods (Finnis), or creates disproportionate results in terms of agape (Hoose) is it a law we should adhere to? Funding criminal gangs to move Can this sort of migration ever be moral?

  9. Issues legal Immigration Changes in demographic and culture Are we undermining Basic Goods by allowing this? Is this proportionate in terms of agape? Migrant crises for the countries receiving the immigrants? Economic consequences Problems with demands on infrastructure Public services: transport, education, housing, healthcare Are we undermining Basic Goods in this way? Is this proportionate in terms of agape?

  10. Theme 2F: Applying Finnis Natural Law to Immigration Questions for this lesson How do the seven basic human goods apply to immigration? How do the Nine Requirements of Practical Reason apply to immigration? How does the Common Good apply to immigration? Starter: Consider the previous discussions, do you think Finnis Natural Law would say immigration is a moral act?

  11. Starter Finnis Natural Law would justify immigration. DISAGREE AGREE

  12. Make notes on the following: Why should we welcome immigration? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPjzf GChGlE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1sdI HbkHEw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oOm A09unRM

  13. Case Study: Migration from Sub-Saharan Africa to Europe

  14. Task: Use your notes to explain how Finnis seven Basic Goods, and Nine Requirements of Practical Reasonableness would mean immigration is moral and should be allowed

  15. Make notes on the following: Why should we not welcome immigration? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPjzf GChGlE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ehG hwfd4sM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWTO aYKp-Aw

  16. Task: Use your notes to explain how Finnis seven Basic Goods, and Nine Requirements of Practical Reasonableness would mean immigration is immoral and should not be allowed and how it could be used to show immigration is moral and should be allowed

  17. Do you still think the same? Finnis Natural Law would justify immigration. DISAGREE AGREE

  18. Finnis Natural Law Finnis disagrees with immigration or the lack of controls on immigration. Finnis warns about the imminent demise of (European, Anglo-American) civilization posed by the aliens at the gates, people immigrating from other countries with other cultures and social norms He thinks Western societies are quickly going to pot, and he lays some of the blame for this on loose immigration policies. Remember at AO2 you will get an opportunity to explain challenges to his views

  19. Finnis Natural Law European states in the early twenty-first century move ever more clearly out of the social and political conditions of the 1960s into a trajectory of demographic and cultural decay, circumscription of political, religious and educational speech and associated freedoms; pervasive untruthfulness about equality and diversity; population transfer and replacement by a kind of reverse colonization; and resultant international fissiparation foreshadowing, it seems, ethnic and religious inter-communal miseries of hatred, bloodshed and political paralysis reminiscent of late twentieth century Yugoslavia s or the Levant s. John Finnis from his essay on the political philosophy of H.L.A. Hart

  20. How is Finnis applying his Seven Basic Goods and Nine Requirements of Practical Reasonableness in order to show that FREE immigration should not be allowed?

  21. Theme 2F:Applying Hooses Proportionalism to immigration Questions for this lesson How does Hoose s proportionalism apply to immigration? Starter: Do you think Hoose s Proportionalism would say immigration is a moral act?

  22. Starter Hoose s Proportionalism would justify immigration. DISAGREE AGREE

  23. What are the costs and benefits of immigration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=by2 dTCj-qdk

  24. Proportionalism Immigration does allow for some of the ontic (real) goods qualities such as dignity, integrity and justice which themselves are not moral but are desirable qualities and should be taken into account when making a moral decision. However, if immigration can cause harm to others, as we have seen Finnis has tried to show, it could not be justified. All possible consequences need to be considered to decide whether or not it can be justified.

  25. Task Apply the principles of proportionalism and agape to immigration

  26. Exam question Explain how Finnis Natural Law would apply to immigration [20] Is this AO1 or AO2? What must you do? Plan your DISS

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