Exploring Empiricism: Francis Bacon and Classical Perspectives

 
Empirisme Francis Bacon
 
Kuliah4
EMPIRICISM
(knowledge comes only from
sensory experience, emphasizes
the role of empirical evidence in
the formation of ideas, rather
than innate ideas)
tabula rasa :
 human mind is "blank"
and develops only through experience
in the philosophy of science
 
emphasises
evidence as discovered in experiments
Innate idea
, an idea
inborn in the human
mind, contrasted with
those received  from
experience
EMPIRICISM
explanatory
empiricism
,
 denies the validity
of inferences that
cannot  be
observed
Genetic
Empiricism
denies the
existence of
innate ideas or
principles of
reasoning
Justificatory
Empiricism
ideas cannot be
regarded as justified
until successfully
tested against
experience
 
Empiricism
 
The first is what we may call 
explanatory
empiricism
, which denies the validity of
inferences from observable phenomena to
causes that cannot themselves be observed.
example is that of the physicist and
philosopher Ernst Mach (1838–1916). At least
for most of his life, Mach rejected the theory
of atoms as an example of “hypothetico-fictive
physics”
 
 
Genetic Empiricism :nothing is in the intellect
which was not first in the senses, denies the
existence of innate ideas or principles of
reasoning, holding that both our factual
knowledge and the concepts we employ in
describing the world are drawn from
experience
 
 
Justificatory empirism, 
merely insists that
wherever our ideas come from and whatever
they claim, they cannot be regarded as
justified until they have been successfully
tested against experience.
 
Empiricism in classical Perspectives
 
Aristotle rejects the doctrine of innate ideas
found in the work of Plato (427–347 BCE). He
strongly denies, for instance, that we have
innate knowledge of the principles of scientific
demonstration
We can regard him as who believes that
scientific theorizing is answerable to what can
be observed.
 first, a
description
of facts
the rejection of
whatever not to be
connected with
the Phenomenon
classification,
of those facts
into three
categories
EMPIRICAL
KNOWLEDGE
instances of the presence of
the characteristic under
investigation, instances of its
absence, or instances of its
presence in varying degrees
NOVUM
ORGANUM
IDOLS
hinders clear
thought
idols of the
tribe,
idols of the
cave,
idols of the
theatre
idols of the
market place
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Empiricism, as championed by Francis Bacon, emphasizes the role of sensory experience in forming ideas over innate notions. It asserts that the human mind is like a tabula rasa, developing solely through observation and experimentation. Various forms of empiricism, such as explanatory and genetic empiricism, further elaborate on how knowledge is derived from experience rather than preconceived ideas. Classical figures like Aristotle also debunk the concept of innate knowledge, emphasizing the importance of observable phenomena in scientific theorizing.


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  1. Empirisme Francis Bacon Kuliah4

  2. tabula rasa : human mind is "blank" and develops only through experience EMPIRICISM (knowledge comes only from sensory experience, emphasizes the role of empirical evidence in the formation of ideas, rather than innate ideas) Innate idea, an idea inborn in the human mind, contrasted with those received from experience in the philosophy of science emphasises evidence as discovered in experiments

  3. explanatory empiricism, denies the validity of inferences that cannot be observed Justificatory Empiricism ideas cannot be regarded as justified until successfully tested against experience Genetic Empiricism denies the existence of innate ideas or principles of reasoning

  4. Empiricism The first is what we may call explanatory empiricism, which denies the validity of inferences from observable phenomena to causes that cannot themselves be observed. example is that of the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach (1838 1916). At least for most of his life, Mach rejected the theory of atoms as an example of hypothetico-fictive physics

  5. Genetic Empiricism :nothing is in the intellect which was not first in the senses, denies the existence of innate ideas or principles of reasoning, holding that both our factual knowledge and the concepts we employ in describing the world are drawn from experience

  6. Justificatory empirism, merely insists that wherever our ideas come from and whatever they claim, they cannot be regarded as justified until they have been successfully tested against experience.

  7. Empiricism in classical Perspectives Aristotle rejects the doctrine of innate ideas found in the work of Plato (427 347 BCE). He strongly denies, for instance, that we have innate knowledge of the principles of scientific demonstration We can regard him as who believes that scientific theorizing is answerable to what can be observed.

  8. EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE instances of the presence of the characteristic under investigation, instances of its absence, or instances of its presence in varying degrees the rejection of whatever not to be connected with the Phenomenon classification, of those facts into three categories NOVUM ORGANUM first, a description of facts

  9. idols of the tribe, idols of the cave, idols of the theatre IDOLS hinders clear thought idols of the market place

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