Brucellosis in Cattle and Buffaloes in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus, is a serious disease in cattle and buffaloes with significant public health and trade consequences. The disease is prevalent in India and poses a substantial economic impact. WHO recognizes brucellosis as a zoonotic disease, affecting both animals and humans. Cattle and buffaloes play a crucial role in the rural economy, and the disease has far-reaching implications on livestock populations. Economic losses due to brucellosis are substantial in the country, affecting various animals including sheep, goats, dogs, and wild species.
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BRUCELLOSIS IN CATTLE AND BUFFALOES IN AND AROUND BIKANER, RAJASTHAN, INDIA Prof. ( Prof. (Dr. Director Clinic (Ex.) Director Clinic (Ex.) Dr.) R.K. ) R.K. Tanwar Tanwar College Of Veterinar y & Animal Science, College Of Veterinar y & Animal Science, Rajasthan University Of Veterinar y & Animal Rajasthan University Of Veterinar y & Animal Sciences, Bikaner Sciences, Bikaner - - 334001, Rajasthan, India 334001, Rajasthan, India
Bovine Bovine brucellosis, brucellosis, caused Brucella Brucella abortus abortus is is a a serious disease disease that that has has significant public public health health and and national trade trade consequences consequences. . The The current current status status of of bovine India India is is not not clear clear. . However, the the disease disease is is increasing increasing in in all the the country country. . by the the bacterium bacterium serious livestock significant animal animal health, national and and international caused by livestock health, international bovine brucellosis brucellosis in in However, the the incidence all the incidence of of the states states of of
WHO WHO considers considers brucellosis spread spread of of all all zoonoses on on people, people, it it has animals animals industry industry. . brucellosis as zoonoses and has enormous enormous impact as the the world s world s most and apart apart from from its impact on most its toll on the toll the
Cattle Cattle and prestigious prestigious component having having great great socio and Buffaloes Buffaloes are component of of rural socio- -economic economic importance are valuable valuable and rural house house hold importance. . and hold As As per livestock livestock population per 19 19th thLivestock Livestock Census population of of India Census - -2012 India is is 512 512 millions 2012, , the millions. . the
Brucellosis Brucellosis is is widely economic economic losses In In India, India, Brucellosis disease disease occurs occurs in in cattle, yak, yak, mithun mithun, , dogs, B B. . Abortus Abortus biotype biotype- -1 1 in in cattle B B. . Melitensis Melitensis biotype Other Other causative causative agents Brucella Brucella ovis ovis Brucella Brucella suis suis Brucella Brucella canis canis widely prevalent prevalent throughout losses to to the the tune tune of of Rs Brucellosis was was first cattle, buffalo, buffalo, sheep, dogs, wild wild animals animals and cattle and biotype- -1 1 in in sheep, sheep, goat agents of of Brucellosis Brucellosis are throughout India Rs. . 350 350 million million. . first recognized recognized in in 1942 sheep, goat, and humans humans. . and buffaloes buffaloes. . goat and and humans are India causing causing 1942. . The pigs, camel, camel, The goat, pigs, humans. .
The The principal principal manifestations reproductive reproductive failure failure such placenta, placenta, metritis metritis epididymitis epididymitis with with frequent Hygroma Hygroma of of knee knee joints affected affected animals animals. . Persistent Persistent (life (life long) facultative facultative intracellular intracellular organism reproductive reproductive and and mammary manifestations of of brucellosis such as as abortion, abortion, retention in in female female frequent sterility sterility in in male joints is is also also encountered brucellosis are retention of of and and male. . encountered in in are orchitis orchitis, , long) infection infection is is characteristic organism with mammary secretions secretions. . characteristic of of this with shedding shedding in in this
IN THE PRESENT STUDY IN THE PRESENT STUDY 200 200 blood blood samples were were collected collected for Brucella Brucella reactors reactors were Bengal Bengal Plate Plate Test Enzyme Enzyme Linked Linked Immnosorbent In In cattle cattle seroprevalence seroprevalence was 19 19. .0 0 with with (AB (AB- -ELISA) In In buffaloes buffaloes serprevalence serprevalence was 15 15% % with with AB AB- -ELISA ELISA. . samples each for serological serological studies were determined Test (RBPT) (RBPT) and Immnosorbent Assay each of of cattle cattle and studies. . determined by and Avidin Assay (AB was 14 14. .5 5% % with and buffaloes buffaloes by using using Rose Avidin Biotin (AB- -ELISA) ELISA). . with RBPT RBPT and Rose Biotin and ELISA). . was 9 9. .0 0% % with with RBPT RBPT and and
National control programme on brucellosis National control programme on brucellosis (NCPB) has been launched. (NCPB) has been launched. It is a time bound 5 year intensive location It is a time bound 5 year intensive location control programme. control programme. The aim is to reduce the impact of The aim is to reduce the impact of brucellosis on human health and to reduce brucellosis on human health and to reduce the economic losses. the economic losses.
In NCPB In NCPB periodical surveillance using Milk periodical surveillance using Milk Ring Test for pooled milk and ELISA for Ring Test for pooled milk and ELISA for random or herd screening will be done. random or herd screening will be done. In NCPB In NCPB Biannual village level screening of Biannual village level screening of pooled milk samples and pooled milk samples and B. vaccination for female calves of 4 to 8 vaccination for female calves of 4 to 8 months age is to be done. months age is to be done. B. abortus abortus
CONTROL PROGRAMME CONTROL PROGRAMME In brucellosis free countries, test and slaughter of In brucellosis free countries, test and slaughter of positive animals has proved as effective method. positive animals has proved as effective method. In India, test and segregation in conjunction with In India, test and segregation in conjunction with vaccination is perhaps the only method which is vaccination is perhaps the only method which is practical and feasible in India. practical and feasible in India. However, segregation of seropositive cows until their However, segregation of seropositive cows until their death will therefore be necessary but very costly. death will therefore be necessary but very costly. B. B. abortus abortus strain 19 induces reasonable protection strain 19 induces reasonable protection against against B. B. abortus abortus only. only.
Constraints in the control of brucellosis Constraints in the control of brucellosis disease confirmation are leading to distress disease confirmation are leading to distress sale and spread of infection. sale and spread of infection. Increased trade movements of animals and Increased trade movements of animals and commercial dairy farming is spreading the commercial dairy farming is spreading the disease across the states easily. disease across the states easily.
