Illustrated Methods of Multiplication and Division
The content explains various methods of multiplication and division, including long multiplication, lattice method, and short division, with detailed examples and visual aids. It covers concepts like reversing multiplication through division, using single-digit multiples, and step-by-step division techniques. The illustrations make it easier to understand and apply these mathematical operations effectively.
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Presentation Transcript
Long multiplication Long division Remember, any multiplication can be reversed in 2 ways, using division: 3 4 12 squares = 12 4 = 3 rows 12 3 = 4 columns
Ways to multiply (1) lattice method 2.34 3.29 = 7.6986 If you only know the lattice method, long division will not make sense
Ways to multiply (2a) long multiplication ( 457 111 457 1 10 100 = + ) + = 50727 457 111 457 4570 45700 + 50727 1 457 10 457 100 457
Ways to multiply (2b) long multiplication ( 457 111 457 100 10 1 = ) + + = 50727 457 111 45700 4570 457 50727 100 457 10 457 1 457 Can we reverse the process?
Division How to do 50727 457 ? We need an easy way of splitting it into single digit multiples of 457 ( ) = 45700 4570 457 + = + = 100 10 1 + + 50727 457 111 457 = Hence 50727 457 111 We will see how in a moment first, let s start with something simpler.
Short division (simple example, part1) Find 7854 3 Swop the numbers and write a division sign: 3 7 854 How many 3 s go into 7? 2, remainder 1 2 3 7 854 2 is in the thousands column. We have made 2000 3=6000 so far. Now, how many 3 s go into the remaining 1854? 1
Short division (simple example, part 2) How many 3 s go into 18? 6, remainder 0 2 6 3 7 854 26 means 2600. We have made 2600 3=7800 so far. Now, how many 3 s go into the remaining 54? 1 How many 3 s go into 5? 1, remainder 2 2 61 3 7 85 4 261 means 2610. We have made 2610 3=7830 so far. Now, how many 3 s go into the remaining 24? 1 2
Short division (simple example, part 3) How many 3 s go into 24? 8, remainder 0 2 61 8 3 7 85 4 = 7854 3 2618 1 2 You can use short division with a longer divisor (e.g. 457) but long division is easier. We do the same thing, but write out each subtraction to make it clearer
Long division (1 digit example) 2 3 7854 6000 - 1854 2000 3=6000 (less than 7854, OK) but 3000 3=9000 would be too big This is just to show how long division works. You do not need long division for such an easy question. We repeat the process until there is no remainder left!
Long division (1 digit example) 26 3 7854 6000 - 1854 1800 - 54 600 3=1800 (less than 1854, OK) but 700 3=2100 would be too big Carry on
Long division (1 digit example) 261 3 7854 6000 - 1854 1800 - 54 30 - 24 10 3=30 (less than 54, OK) but 20 3=60 would be too big Carry on
Long division (1 digit example) 2618 3 7854 6000 - 1854 1800 - 54 30 - 24 24 - 0 = 7854 3 2618 2000 3 each pair is the remainder at this stage and our attempt to match it 600 3 10 3 8 3=24 as required. 8 3 Remainder 0 so we have finished.
Long division with a long divisor (a) How to do 50727 457 ? 111 457 50727 45700 - 5027 4570 - 457 457 - 0 100 457 10 457 1 457
Its just like long multiplication, but subtracting instead of adding! Dividing: Multiplying: 111 457 111 45700 4570 457 50727 457 50727 45700 - 5027 4570 - 457 457 - 0 100 457 10 457 1 457
Long division with a long divisor (b) How to do 7347 31 ? 237 31 7347 6200 - 1147 930 - 217 217 - 0 200 31 1 31=31 2 31=62 3 31=93 4 31=124 5 31=155 6 31=186 7 31=217 8 31=248 9 31=279 30 31 7 31
Long division of decimals We can make the division easier by multiplying each side by a power of 10 until we have at least one integer = 0.08056 0.053 80.56 53 EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS. 1.52 53 80.56 53 - 27.56 26.5 - 1.06 1.06 - 0 1 53=53 2 53=106 3 53=159 4 53=212 5 53=265 6 53=318 7 53=385 8 53=424 9 53=477 1 53 0.5 53 0.02 53 Remember the decimal places rule.
