Significance of Pear-Shaped Nuclei in Atomic Physics

Causes of deformation in atomic nuclei, leading to pear-shaped structures, are explored with examples such as 224Ra and 220Ra. Measurement of Barium isotopes using advanced techniques sheds light on the spatial asymmetry of nuclei. The significance of pear-shaped nuclei in explaining CP-symmetry breaking and the lack of antimatter is discussed, emphasizing the implications for fundamental physics.

• Pear-Shaped Nuclei
• Atomic Physics
• Deformation
• Barium Isotopes
• CP-Symmetry

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1. Why are Pear Shaped Nuclei Significant? Devin Lake 5/01/18

2. Causes of Deformation Strong Force > Coulomb Force Nucleons in the atom will fill quantum states Jahn-Teller Effect Octupole-Octupole Interaction leads to Pear Shape 224Rd associated with octupole 220Rd and224Rd believed to be asymmetric 2 Nazarewicz 2018

3. Spatial Asymmetric Nuclei 224Ra and 220Ra are spatial asymmetric Measured using rotational spectrum 224Ra associated with octupole interaction In 2016 144Ba had its nucleus directly measured to be pear shaped In 2017 146Ba was also added to this list Butler & Nazarewicz 1996

4. Measurement of Barium Conducted at ATLAS Californium Ion source created Ba Beam Used Pb target to measure scattering angle Used improved charged particle detectors to sort Ba nuclei CHICO2 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 4

5. Measurement of Barium Cont. Beam contained a large number of contaminants Extra detectors were required to filter out the results 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.112503 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.152504

6. Significance May explain lack of antimatter CP-symmetry breaking Implies there is CPT-symmetry breaking 6

7. References 1. Butcher et al. (2016). Direct Evidence of Octupole Deformation in Neutron-Rich 144Ba. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.112503 Butler, P.A., Nazarewicz, W. (1996). Intrinsic Reflection Asymmetry in Atomic Nuclei. doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.68.349 2. 7