Understanding Motivation and Its Types

 
Motivation and its types
 
Zainab Khalid
(Clinical psychologist)
 
What is motivation?
 
Motivation is defined as the process that initiates,
guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.
Motivation is a need or desire that energizes
behavior and directs it towards a goal.
 
Components of motivation
 
Activation
 involves the decision to initiate a behavior, such as
enrolling in a particular class.
Persistence
 is the continued effort toward a goal even though
obstacles may exist. An example of persistence would be
taking medicine in order to earn a degree although it requires
a significant investment of time, energy, and resources.
Intensity
 can be seen in the concentration and vigor that goes
into pursuing a goal. For example, one student might pass
without much effort, while another student will study regularly,
participate in discussions, and take advantage of research
opportunities outside of class. The first student lacks intensity,
while the second pursues his educational goals with greater
intensity.
 
 
Motive
 
A motive is an inner state that
energizes, actuates, activates or
moves (Hence motivation), that
directs or channels the behavior
towards the goals.
 
Types of motives
 
Primary motives
General motives
The competence motive
Secondary motives
Power motive
The achievement motive
The affiliation motive
 
Theories of motivation
 
Instinct theory
 
Instincts are complex behaviors that have fixed
patterns throughout different species and are
not learned (Tinbergen, 1951).
For example a woman builds different kinds of
houses, the bird builds only one kind of nest
.
 
Drive-Reduction Theory
 
When the instinct theory of motivation failed to
explain most human motivation, it was replaced
by the drive-reduction theory. A physiological
need creates an aroused tension state (a drive)
that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
(Hull)
 
Optimum Arousal
 
Human motivation aims to seek optimum levels
of arousal, not to eliminate it. Young monkeys
and children are known to explore the
environment in the absence of a need-based
drive.
 
Herzberg's two-factor theory
 
Fredrick Herzberg two-factor theory concludes that
certain factors in the workplace result in job
satisfaction  (motivators), while others (hygiene factors),
if absent, lead to dissatisfaction but are not related to
satisfaction. The name hygiene factors is used because,
like hygiene, the presence will not improve health, but
absence can cause health deterioration.
The factors that motivate people can change over their
lifetime. Some claimed motivating factors (satisfiers)
were: Achievement, recognition, work itself,
responsibility, advancement, and growth. Some hygiene
factors (dissatisfiers) were: company policy, supervision,
working conditions, interpersonal relations, salary, status,
job security, and personal life.
 
Hierarchy of Needs
 
Abraham Maslow in 1970 suggested that certain
needs have priority over others. Physiological
needs like breathing, thirst, and hunger come
before psychological needs such as
achievement, self-esteem, and the need for
recognition.
 
Types of Motivation
 
Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
 
Intrinsic motivation
 
The act of being motivated by internal factors to
perform certain actions and behavior is called Intrinsic
Motivation.
There is neither pressure nor any sort of reward for the
actions you perform due to intrinsic motivation.
It can take the form of motivation by the work itself
when individuals feel that their work is important,
interesting and challenging and provides them with a
reasonable degree of autonomy (freedom to act),
opportunities to achieve and advance, and scope to
use and develop their skills and abilities.
 
Extrinsic motivation
 
In this type of motivation, the motives originate
from outside the human body. The driving force
exists outside the human body that stimulates
the individual to perform certain actions. Though
these motives are external to human body but
they have rewarding or punishing impact on the
individual.
 
Examples of extrinsic motives
 
Incentives
Bonuses
Allowances
Promotion
Rewards and punishments
Distinction certificates
Appreciation certificates
Prizes
 
References
 
https://www.yourcoach.be/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2012/03/A-summary-of-motivation-
theories1.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306255973_
Motivational_Theories_-_A_Critical_Analysis
https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/
2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml
Slide Note
Embed
Share

Motivation, as defined by Zainab Khalid, a clinical psychologist, is the driving force behind goal-oriented behaviors. This article explores the components of motivation, different types of motives including primary and secondary motives, and various theories of motivation such as instinct theory and drive-reduction theory. By delving into the intricacies of motivation, one can gain insights into what energizes, directs, and sustains behavior towards achieving desired goals.


Uploaded on Aug 06, 2024 | 6 Views


Download Presentation

Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.

The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Motivation and its types Zainab Khalid (Clinical psychologist)

  2. What is motivation? Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal.

  3. Components of motivation Activation involves the decision to initiate a behavior, such as enrolling in a particular class. Persistence is the continued effort toward a goal even though obstacles may exist. An example of persistence would be taking medicine in order to earn a degree although it requires a significant investment of time, energy, and resources. Intensity can be seen in the concentration and vigor that goes into pursuing a goal. For example, one student might pass without much effort, while another student will study regularly, participate in discussions, and take advantage of research opportunities outside of class. The first student lacks intensity, while the second pursues his educational goals with greater intensity.

  4. Motive A energizes, moves directs towards the goals. motive is actuates, (Hence or channels an inner state that activates or motivation), the that behavior

  5. Types of motives Primary motives General motives The competence motive Secondary motives Power motive The achievement motive The affiliation motive

  6. Theories of motivation

  7. Instinct theory Instincts are complex behaviors that have fixed patterns throughout different species and are not learned (Tinbergen, 1951). For example a woman builds different kinds of houses, the bird builds only one kind of nest.

  8. Drive-Reduction Theory When the instinct theory of motivation failed to explain most human motivation, it was replaced by the drive-reduction theory. A physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need (Hull) Drive reduction behaviors e.g eating, drinking etc Need e.g food, water etc Drive e.g hunger, thirst

  9. Optimum Arousal Human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal, not to eliminate it. Young monkeys and children are known environment in the absence of a need-based drive. to explore the

  10. Herzberg's two-factor theory Fredrick Herzberg two-factor theory concludes that certain factors in the satisfaction (motivators), while others (hygiene factors), if absent, lead to dissatisfaction but are not related to satisfaction. The name hygiene factors is used because, like hygiene, the presence will not improve health, but absence can cause health deterioration. The factors that motivate people can change over their lifetime. Some claimed motivating factors (satisfiers) were: Achievement, responsibility, advancement, and growth. Some hygiene factors (dissatisfiers) were: company policy, supervision, working conditions, interpersonal relations, salary, status, job security, and personal life. workplace result in job recognition, work itself,

  11. Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow in 1970 suggested that certain needs have priority over others. Physiological needs like breathing, thirst, and hunger come before psychological achievement, self-esteem, and the need for recognition. needs such as

  12. Types of Motivation Intrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation

  13. Intrinsic motivation The act of being motivated by internal factors to perform certain actions and behavior is called Intrinsic Motivation. There is neither pressure nor any sort of reward for the actions you perform due to intrinsic motivation. It can take the form of motivation by the work itself when individuals feel that their work is important, interesting and challenging and provides them with a reasonable degree of autonomy (freedom to act), opportunities to achieve and advance, and scope to use and develop their skills and abilities.

  14. Extrinsic motivation In this type of motivation, the motives originate from outside the human body. The driving force exists outside the human body that stimulates the individual to perform certain actions. Though these motives are external to human body but they have rewarding or punishing impact on the individual.

  15. Examples of extrinsic motives Incentives Bonuses Allowances Promotion Rewards and punishments Distinction certificates Appreciation certificates Prizes

  16. References https://www.yourcoach.be/blog/wp- content/uploads/2012/03/A-summary-of-motivation- theories1.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306255973_ Motivational_Theories_-_A_Critical_Analysis https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/ 2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml

Related


More Related Content

giItT1WQy@!-/#giItT1WQy@!-/#giItT1WQy@!-/#